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The 479 PSAT 8/9 words worth knowing.

The PSAT 8/9 is most students' first meeting with the SAT Suite, and its Reading and Writing questions lean on vocabulary from the very first passage — if you don't understand the words, the questions get much harder. This list collects 479 foundational words for 8th and 9th graders, each with its part of speech and a plain-English definition.

Test Ninjas Research · 479 words · Updated August 3, 2026

Every guide is a printable PDF — 479 words grouped by meaning, free to download, no account needed.

The PSAT 8/9 measures the reading and writing skills the whole SAT Suite is built on, and vocabulary runs through all of it. Words appear in the passages you interpret and in the answer choices you weigh — understanding them is often the difference between a confident answer and a lucky guess.

01

How the PSAT 8/9 tests vocabulary

The PSAT 8/9 uses the same digital, adaptive format as the rest of the SAT Suite — see our PSAT format guide for the full structure. Vocabulary isn't tested in isolation: it shows up in the context of short passages in the Reading and Writing modules.

Words in Context questions ask you to pick the word or phrase that best completes a passage, which means you're judged on how a word functions in a sentence, not just what it means. Unfamiliar words also appear inside the passages themselves, where you're expected to work out their meaning from the surrounding text.

The difficulty is set for 8th and 9th graders, so the words are foundational rather than obscure — but they compound. The same vocabulary style carries through the PSAT 10, the PSAT/NMSQT, and the SAT, so words learned now keep paying off for years.

02

How to prepare

Start with the themed guides below rather than the alphabetical list — words stick far better when they're learned in meaning-groups. Study one theme per session, read each example sentence aloud, and use the memory cues to anchor the definitions.

For the bigger picture, our PSAT 8/9 course covers every question type on the exam, and the PSAT 8/9 score calculator shows how raw scores convert. Not sure which PSAT you should be taking? See which PSAT to take. When you're ready to look ahead, the SAT vocabulary guides continue these same themes at the next level.

03

Printable guides by theme

The word list below is alphabetical, which is the wrong order to learn in — words stick far better in meaning-groups. So we publish the full vocabulary as 30 printable guides, each covering one theme: everything about certainty and doubt in one place, everything about cause and effect in another. Every guide gives each word its part of speech, a plain-English definition, an example sentence, and a memory cue — free, no account, no email.

Open a theme to read its full word list on this site, or take the PDF and print it. To browse the guides visually, the guide index shows every cover.

04

The word list

479 foundational PSAT 8/9 words with parts of speech and definitions — a quick reference, in alphabetical order. For examples and memory cues, open a word's theme above.

Aabstract – awkward45 words

abstractadjective — existing in thought but not having physical existence

abundantadjective — existing in large quantities; plentiful

acceptverb — to receive willingly or agree to something offered

acceptableadjective — meeting the required standards; satisfactory

accessibleadjective — easy to approach, reach, or use

accommodateverb — to provide space or lodging for; to adjust to meet needs

accomplishedadjective — highly trained or skilled

accountnoun — a report or description of events; a financial record

accuracynoun — the quality of being correct or precise

acknowledgedverb — recognized or accepted as true or valid

acquireverb — to obtain or gain possession of something

acquiredverb — obtained or gained possession of something

adaptverb — to adjust or modify to suit new conditions

adequateadjective — satisfactory or acceptable in quality

adjustedverb — altered or modified to fit new circumstances

admireverb — to regard with respect and approval

advertisingnoun — the activity of producing promotions for commercial products or services

aestheticadjective — concerned with beauty or art

aggressiveadjective — ready to attack or confront; forceful in pursuit of goals

agreementsnoun — arrangements or understandings between parties

alarmedadjective — feeling frightened or worried about potential danger

alterverb — to change or make different

amongpreposition — surrounded by; in the company of

amountnoun — a quantity or sum of something

ampleadjective — enough or more than enough; plentiful

amusingadjective — causing laughter or providing entertainment

animatedadjective — full of life or excitement; lively

announcedverb — made a public or formal declaration

apologizeverb — to express regret for a mistake or wrongdoing

appreciatedverb — recognized the value or significance of something

appropriateadjective — suitable or proper for a particular situation

approvedverb — officially accepted or sanctioned

arbitraryadjective — based on random choice rather than reason

arguingverb — exchanging diverging views in a heated manner

arrivingverb — reaching a destination or coming to a place

arrogantadjective — having an exaggerated sense of one's importance

ascendverb — to go up or climb

assembleverb — to gather together or put parts together

assignedverb — allocated or designated for a particular task

attachedadjective — joined or connected to something

attractverb — to draw interest or attention toward something

attractiveadjective — pleasing to look at; appealing

authenticadjective — of undisputed origin; genuine

availableadjective — ready for use or accessible

awkwardadjective — causing difficulty or discomfort; clumsy

Bbasic – brief4 words

basicadjective — forming an essential foundation; fundamental

boldadjective — showing courage and confidence; daring (also: showing a willingness to take risks)

borrowverb — to take and use something with the intention of returning it

briefadjective — of short duration

Ccandid – cunning77 words

candidadjective — truthful and straightforward; frank

carefuladjective — taking caution to avoid mistakes or danger

carryingverb — transporting or holding something while moving

catalognoun — a complete list of items arranged systematically

causenoun — something that produces an effect or result

celebratedadjective — widely known and praised; honored with festivities

centraladjective — of greatest importance; principal

certainadjective — known for sure; established beyond doubt

chaoticadjective — in a state of complete confusion

charitableadjective — generous in giving to those in need

chooseverb — to select from available options

chronicadjective — persisting for a long time or constantly recurring

citedverb — quoted or referenced as evidence or authority

collaborationnoun — working together with others to achieve a goal

collectedadjective — gathered together; calm and composed

combinedverb — joined together to form a single unit

comeverb — to move toward or arrive at a place

comfortingadjective — providing solace or reassurance

commandnoun — an authoritative order or instruction

committedadjective — dedicated to a cause or activity

commonadjective — occurring frequently; shared by many

compactadjective — closely and neatly packed together

competentadjective — having sufficient skill or knowledge to perform a task (also: having the necessary ability or skills)

complainingverb — expressing dissatisfaction or annoyance

complaintnoun — an expression of dissatisfaction or grievance

completedverb — finished; brought to an end

complexitynoun — the state of having many interconnected parts

compliancenoun — the act of conforming to rules or requirements

complicatedadjective — consisting of many interconnecting parts; difficult to understand

complimentverb — to politely express praise or admiration

compoundadjective — made up of multiple parts; to make something worse

concealverb — to hide or keep secret

concealedadjective — hidden from view; kept secret (also: kept from sight; hidden)

concernnoun — a matter of interest or importance; worry

concerningadjective — causing worry; relating to

concernsnoun — matters of interest or worry

concludeverb — to bring to an end; to reach a decision through reasoning

condemnverb — to express complete disapproval of

conditionnoun — the state of something; a requirement for something else

conditionsnoun — circumstances affecting the way people live or work

confidentadjective — having strong belief in oneself or something (also: feeling certain about something)

confinedadjective — restricted or limited to a particular area (also: restricted in area or volume)

confirmverb — to establish the truth or correctness of something

confusingadjective — difficult to understand; bewildering

conquerverb — to overcome and take control of

consensusnoun — general agreement among a group

consequencenoun — a result or effect of an action

consistentadjective — acting or done in the same way over time; unchanging

constantadjective — occurring continuously; unchanging

contentadjective — in a state of peaceful happiness

continuousadjective — forming an unbroken whole; without interruption

controversialadjective — causing public disagreement or debate

controversynoun — prolonged public disagreement or debate

convertverb — to change from one form or function to another

conveyverb — to communicate or express an idea or feeling

convincedadjective — completely certain about something

cooperativeadjective — willing to work together

correctadjective — free from error; accurate

correspondingadjective — analogous or equivalent in character

corruptadjective — willing to act dishonestly for personal gain

costlyadjective — expensive; causing significant loss or damage

countingverb — determining the total number of something

courageousadjective — not deterred by danger or pain

covertadjective — not openly acknowledged or displayed

cowardlyadjective — lacking courage

createverb — to bring something into existence

createdverb — brought into existence

creatingverb — bringing something into existence

creativeadjective — having the ability to produce original ideas

credibleadjective — able to be believed; convincing

criterianoun — standards by which something is judged or decided

criticaladjective — expressing disapproval; extremely important

criticismnoun — the expression of disapproval based on perceived faults

criticizeverb — to express disapproval of someone or something

crucialadjective — of great importance; critical

crudeadjective — in a natural state; lacking refinement

cunningadjective — having skill in achieving one's ends by deceit

Ddangerous – dynamic37 words

dangerousadjective — able or likely to cause harm or injury

daringadjective — adventurous or audaciously bold

decidingverb — making a choice or reaching a conclusion about something

decisionnoun — a conclusion or resolution reached after consideration

decorationsnoun — ornaments or embellishments used to make something look more attractive

delayedverb — made late or slow; postponed

delicateadjective — easily broken or damaged; requiring careful handling

demandingadjective — requiring much skill, effort, or attention

demandsnoun/verb — insistent requests or requirements; asks for forcefully

democraticadjective — supporting or practicing democracy

deniedverb — refused to admit the truth of; rejected a request

denyingverb — refusing to admit or acknowledge something; rejecting

depletedverb — used up or exhausted the supply of

derivedverb — obtained or developed from a source or origin

describeverb — to give an account of something by stating its characteristics

describedverb — gave an account of something by stating its characteristics

determinedverb/adjective — having made a firm decision; resolved; having discovered through investigation

developverb — to grow or cause to grow more mature, advanced, or elaborate

developedverb — grew or caused to grow more mature, advanced, or elaborate

directedverb — guided or aimed toward a particular direction or purpose

discoververb — to find or learn something for the first time

discoveredverb — found or learned something for the first time

discoverynoun — the act of finding or learning something new; something that has been found

discretionnoun — the quality of behaving in a way that avoids causing offense; freedom to decide

discussedverb — talked about something with others; considered by talking

disguisenoun/verb — to give a different appearance to conceal identity; a means of concealment

displayedverb — showed or exhibited something for others to see

disputenoun/verb — a disagreement or argument; to argue or question the truth of something

distantadjective — far away in space or time; not closely related; reserved in manner

distinctadjective — recognizably different; clearly separate or unique (also: recognizably different in nature)

distractedverb/adjective — unable to concentrate due to being preoccupied; diverted from attention

diverseadjective — showing great variety; including people of different types

doubtsnoun/verb — feelings of uncertainty; questions or reservations

drainedverb/adjective — depleted of energy or resources; emptied of liquid

drawnverb/adjective — pulled or attracted; depicted with lines; looking strained or tired

dulladjective — lacking interest or excitement

dynamicadjective — characterized by constant change or activity; energetic and forceful

Eearnest – extraordinary34 words

earnestadjective — sincere and serious in intention; showing deep conviction

easilyadverb — without difficulty or effort; readily

efficientadjective — achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort

elegantadjective — graceful and stylish in appearance

elementaryadjective — relating to the basic elements; simple

emptyadjective — containing nothing; without value or meaning

enhanceverb — to intensify, increase, or improve the quality or value of

ensuringverb — making certain that something happens or is the case

enteringverb — coming or going into a place; beginning to be involved in

enthusiasmnoun — intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval

equivalentadjective — equal in value, function, or meaning

essentialadjective — absolutely necessary; extremely important

esteemnoun/verb — respect and admiration; to regard highly

eternaladjective — lasting or existing forever

ethicaladjective — relating to moral principles

evaluateverb — to assess or judge the value, quality, or importance of

evaluatedverb — assessed or judged the value, quality, or importance of

evidencenoun — information indicating whether something is true or valid; proof

evidentadjective — clearly seen or understood

examplesnoun — things that serve as models or illustrations; instances

excitedadjective — very enthusiastic and eager; emotionally aroused

existencenoun — the fact or state of living or being; continued survival

expandverb — to increase in size, number, or importance; to unfold or spread out

expensiveadjective — costing a lot of money; high in price

experimentnoun/verb — a scientific test to discover something unknown; to try something new

explainsverb — makes something clear by describing it in detail

explicitadjective — stated clearly and in detail

exploitnoun/verb — to use selfishly for profit; a bold or daring achievement

exposedverb/adjective — revealed or uncovered; left unprotected or vulnerable

exposurenoun — the state of being exposed to something; experience or contact with

exquisiteadjective — extremely beautiful and delicate

extendedverb/adjective — made longer in duration or scope; stretched out

extensiveadjective — covering a large area; having a wide scope or range

extraordinaryadjective — very unusual or remarkable; beyond what is ordinary

Ffearful – fundamental12 words

fearfuladjective — feeling afraid; showing fear

feasibleadjective — possible and practical to accomplish; likely to succeed

featuredverb/adjective — given special prominence; included as a main element

fertileadjective — capable of producing abundantly

finishingnoun/verb — completing or bringing to an end; the final treatment of a surface

fleetadjective — fast and nimble in movement

flexibleadjective — capable of bending easily without breaking

followverb — to go or come after; to act according to instructions

followedverb — went or came after; acted according to instructions

forgottenverb/adjective — no longer remembered; neglected or overlooked

fulladjective — containing as much as possible; complete

fundamentaladjective — forming a necessary base or core

Ggaining – guess7 words

gainingverb — acquiring or obtaining something; increasing in amount or degree

generousadjective — showing a readiness to give more

gentleadjective — mild, soft, or kind in manner or action; not harsh or severe

genuineadjective — truly what something is said to be; authentic and sincere

getverb — to obtain, receive, or come to have something

gorgeousadjective — beautiful; very attractive

guessverb — to estimate or suppose something without sufficient information to be certain

Hharsh – humble11 words

harshadjective — unpleasantly rough or severe; cruel or unkind

healthyadjective — in good physical or mental condition; conducive to good health

hearingnoun — the faculty of perceiving sounds; a legal proceeding where evidence is presented

heldverb — past tense of hold; kept in one's grasp or possession

heroicadjective — having the characteristics of a hero

hiddenadjective — kept out of sight; concealed

hidingverb — the action of concealing something or oneself

highlightverb — to emphasize or draw attention to something important

hispronoun — belonging to or associated with a male person or animal previously mentioned

honorableadjective — bringing credit or distinction

humbleadjective — having a modest view of one's importance

Iidentical – involved37 words

identicaladjective — exactly alike

identifiedverb — established or recognized the identity of something

ignorantadjective — lacking knowledge or awareness

ignoreverb — to refuse to take notice of or acknowledge; to disregard intentionally

ignoredverb — refused to take notice of; disregarded

illustratedverb — explained or made clear with examples or pictures

imagineverb — to form a mental image or concept of something not present

immediateadjective — occurring or done at once

immenseadjective — extremely large or great

immuneadjective — resistant to a particular infection or toxin; protected from something harmful

impartialadjective — treating all rivals or disputants equally; unbiased and fair

importantadjective — of great significance or value; having high rank or influence

improveverb — to make or become better; to enhance in quality or condition

improvedverb — made better; enhanced in quality or condition

incidentnoun — an event or occurrence, especially one that is unusual or unpleasant

incompleteadjective — not having all the necessary parts; unfinished

increasesverb — becomes or makes greater in size, amount, or degree

independentadjective — free from outside control; self-reliant and not dependent on others

indicatedverb — pointed out or showed; suggested as appropriate

indicatornoun — a thing that indicates the state or level of something

inevitableadjective — certain to happen; unavoidable

infiniteadjective — limitless or endless in space or time

influencenoun — the capacity to have an effect on someone's character, development, or behavior

influencedverb — had an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something

informedadjective — having knowledge of a subject

innovativeadjective — featuring new methods or ideas; original and creative

inspireverb — to fill someone with the urge to do something creative or meaningful

inspiredadjective — filled with creative motivation; guided by a divine or extraordinary influence

insultverb — to speak or treat disrespectfully

integritynoun — the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles

interestnoun — a feeling of curiosity about something; a quality that attracts attention

interpretationnoun — an explanation or understanding of the meaning of something

intriguingadjective — arousing curiosity or interest; fascinating

introducedverb — brought something into use or operation for the first time; presented formally

inventedverb — created or designed something new

invitingadjective — offering the promise of pleasure or satisfaction; attractive and tempting

involvedadjective — connected or participating in something; complicated

Jjoining – justify3 words

joiningverb — connecting or linking together; becoming a member of

judgesverb — forms an opinion about something; presides over legal proceedings

justifyverb — to show or prove to be right or reasonable; to provide adequate grounds for

Llacking – luxurious8 words

lackingadjective — not having enough of something; deficient in

learnedadjective — having much knowledge acquired by study

legitimateadjective — conforming to the law or rules; able to be defended with logic

likedverb — found agreeable or enjoyable; had affection for

limitedadjective — restricted in size, amount, or extent; not unlimited (also: restricted in size or amount)

lonelyadjective — sad because of having no friends or company; isolated

lucrativeadjective — producing a great deal of profit; financially rewarding

luxuriousadjective — extremely comfortable and elegant

Mmagnificent – motivation15 words

magnificentadjective — impressively beautiful, elaborate, or extravagant

makesverb — causes something to exist, happen, or be done; creates or produces

mandatoryadjective — required by law or rules; compulsory

matchverb — to correspond or be equal to something; to pair appropriately

materialadjective — significant or relevant

measureverb — to ascertain the size, amount, or degree of something using an instrument or standard

measuredadjective — having a slow, regular rhythm

meekadjective — quiet, gentle, and easily imposed on

minuteadjective — extremely small

misleadingadjective — giving the wrong idea or impression; deceptive

moderateadjective — average in amount, intensity, or degree; not extreme

modestadjective — unassuming about one's abilities

modifyverb — to make partial changes to something

mothernoun — a female parent; to care for or protect like a mother

motivationnoun — the reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way; enthusiasm

Nneglect – novel5 words

neglectverb — to fail to care for properly; to disregard or ignore

neglectedadjective — not receiving proper attention or care; ignored

nervousadjective — easily agitated or anxious; relating to the nerves

nobleadjective — having high moral qualities

noveladjective — new and original; not like anything seen before (also: new or unusual in an interesting way)

Oobscure – overwhelmed15 words

obscureadjective — not clearly understood or easily seen; not well-known (also: not clearly expressed or easily understood)

obtainverb — to get or acquire something through effort

obtainedverb — acquired or gained through effort

obviousadjective — easily perceived or understood; clear and evident

offendedadjective — resentful or annoyed due to a perceived insult

offeredverb — presented or proposed for acceptance or rejection

ongoingadjective — continuing without interruption; still in progress

opinionnoun — a personal view or judgment not necessarily based on fact

optionaladjective — available to be chosen but not obligatory

ordinaryadjective — with no special or distinctive features; normal

organizedadjective — arranged in a systematic way; well-planned

originaladjective — present from the beginning; creative and not copied

outgoingadjective — friendly and socially confident; leaving a position

overcomeverb — to succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty

overwhelmedadjective — overcome completely in mind or feeling; buried beneath a huge mass

Pparallel – pulled33 words

paralleladjective — similar or corresponding

particularadjective — specific or individual; especially great or intense

partnershipnoun — a cooperative relationship between people or organizations

passionateadjective — showing strong feelings or beliefs

patentadjective — easily recognizable; obvious

patternsnoun — repeated decorative designs; regular forms or sequences

permanentadjective — lasting or remaining without change

personaladjective — belonging to or affecting a particular individual

pompousadjective — affectedly grand or self-important

positiveadjective — with no possibility of doubt; certain

possessionnoun — the state of having or owning something

possessionsnoun — things that one owns; belongings

powerfuladjective — having great power, influence, or effect

praiseverb — to express approval or admiration for someone or something

preciseadjective — marked by exactness and accuracy

predictedverb — stated that something would happen in the future

predictionnoun — a statement about what will happen in the future

preparedadjective — made ready for use or action; expecting something to happen

prescribedverb — recommended or authorized officially; ordered as a medical treatment

preserveverb — to maintain something in its original state; to protect from harm

prestigenoun — widespread respect and admiration based on achievement or quality

pretendingverb — acting as if something is true when it is not

pricedverb — assigned a price to something; valued at a certain amount

probabilitynoun — the likelihood that something will happen

producedverb — made or manufactured; created or brought into existence

producesverb — makes or manufactures; creates or generates

profoundadjective — very deep or intense; showing great insight

progressverb — to move forward or develop

promptadjective — done without delay

prosperousadjective — successful in material terms; flourishing

provideverb — to make available for use; to supply

providingverb — making available or supplying; on the condition that

pulledverb — exerted force to move something toward oneself; withdrew

Qquestion – questioned2 words

questionnoun/verb — a sentence or phrase used to find out information; to ask or express doubt about something

questionedverb — asked questions of someone; expressed doubt about something

Rrapid – running52 words

rapidadjective — happening in a short time

rarelyadverb — not often; seldom

reactverb — to respond or behave in a particular way in response to something

realisticadjective — having a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved; representing things as they actually are

receiveverb — to be given, presented with, or paid something; to accept delivery of

recklessadjective — without thinking about the consequences

recognitionnoun — acknowledgment of something's existence, validity, or legality; identification of someone or something

recognizeverb — to identify someone or something from having encountered them before; to acknowledge the existence or validity of

recognizedverb — identified from previous encounters; acknowledged as valid or important

recommendverb — to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular purpose

recommendedverb — suggested as being good or suitable; advised

reduceverb — to make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size

reducedverb/adjective — made smaller or less in amount, degree, or size

referverb — to mention or allude to; to direct someone to a source of information

refinedadjective — elegant and cultured

reflectverb — to throw back light, heat, or sound; to think deeply or carefully about something

refuseverb — to indicate that one is not willing to do something; to decline to accept

refusingverb — declining to accept or do something

regretnoun/verb — to feel sad, repentant, or disappointed over something that has happened or been done

regulateverb — to control or maintain the rate or speed of something; to control by means of rules

relateverb — to make or show a connection between; to feel sympathy or identify with

releasedverb — allowed to move or act freely; made available to the public

rememberverb — to have in or be able to bring to one's mind an awareness of past events

rememberedverb — brought to mind; recalled from memory

replacedverb — took the place of; provided a substitute for something

replacingverb — taking the place of; providing a substitute for

reportsnoun/verb — gives a spoken or written account of something; formal accounts or statements

representativenoun/adjective — typical of a class or group; a person chosen to act or speak for others

representedverb — acted or spoke on behalf of; symbolized or stood for

reputationnoun — the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something

requireverb — to need for a particular purpose; to demand as necessary

requiredverb/adjective — needed for a particular purpose; officially compulsory

requirementnoun — something that is needed or demanded; a necessary condition

requiresverb — needs for a particular purpose; demands as necessary

reservenoun/verb — to keep back for future use; a supply kept for use when needed

reservedverb/adjective — kept for future use; slow to reveal emotions or opinions

resilientadjective — able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions

resolvedverb/adjective — settled or found a solution to a problem; firmly determined to do something

respectedverb/adjective — admired deeply as a result of one's abilities, qualities, or achievements

responsibleadjective — having an obligation to do something; being the primary cause of something

responsiveadjective — reacting quickly and positively to suggestions or influences

restraintnoun — the action of keeping something under control; self- control

restrictedverb/adjective — limited in extent, number, or scope; not open to everyone

retainverb — to continue to have; to keep possession of

revealverb — to make known something previously secret or unknown

reviewedverb — examined or assessed something formally; wrote a critical evaluation

righteousadjective — morally right or justifiable

rigidadjective — unable to bend or be forced out of shape

rigorousadjective — extremely thorough and careful

riskyadjective — full of the possibility of danger, failure, or loss

routinenoun/adjective — a sequence of actions regularly followed; performed as part of a regular procedure

runningnoun/verb/adjective — moving at a speed faster than walking; the action of managing or operating

Ssatisfying – systematic40 words

satisfyingadjective — giving fulfillment or pleasure; meeting expectations

saturatedadjective — thoroughly soaked; holding as much water or moisture as possible

scalenoun/verb — the relative size or extent of something; a system of measurement

scheduledverb/adjective — planned for a certain time; arranged according to a timetable

schemenoun/verb — a large-scale systematic plan; a secret or underhanded plan

selectverb/adjective — to carefully choose as being the best or most suitable

sensitiveadjective — quick to detect or respond to slight changes; easily offended or upset

settledverb/adjective — resolved or reached an agreement; established residence in a place

significantadjective — sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; meaningful

similaradjective — resembling without being identical; having characteristics in common

simpleadjective — easily understood or done; not elaborate or complicated

simplyadverb — in a straightforward or plain manner; merely; just

sincereadjective — free from deceit; honest

sketchnoun/verb — a rough or unfinished drawing; to make a rough drawing of

skilledadjective — having or showing the knowledge and ability to perform a task well

slyadjective — having cunning and deceit

smugadjective — having excessive pride in oneself

sourcenoun/verb — a place, person, or thing from which something originates

sovereignadjective — possessing supreme power

stagedverb/adjective — presented or performed on stage; planned and carried out deliberately

stainedverb/adjective — marked or discolored with something difficult to remove

standardnoun/adjective — a level of quality or attainment; used or accepted as normal or average

staticadjective — lacking movement, action, or change

steadilyadverb — in a regular and even manner; gradually and consistently

stemverb — to stop or restrict the flow of

structuredadjective — planned or organized according to a framework

strugglingverb/adjective — striving to achieve something in the face of difficulty

stubbornadjective — having or showing dogged determination

substantialadjective — of considerable importance, size, or worth; solidly built

subtleadjective — so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe; not obvious

successfuladjective — accomplishing a desired aim or result; having achieved fame or prosperity

suggestverb — to put forward for consideration; to cause one to think of something

suitableadjective — right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation

superioradjective — higher in quality or status

surprisenoun/verb — an unexpected event; to cause someone to feel astonishment

surprisingadjective — causing astonishment or wonder; unexpected

suspectnoun/verb/adjective — to believe something is likely or true without proof; a person thought to be guilty

suspiciousadjective — having or showing cautious distrust; causing one to suspect something is wrong

swiftadjective — happening quickly or promptly

systematicadjective — done according to a fixed plan

Ttake – trustworthy15 words

takeverb — to get into one's hands or possession; to grasp or seize

tangibleadjective — perceptible by touch; clear and definite

tediousadjective — long, slow, and tiresome; boring due to length or monotony

temporaryadjective — lasting for only a limited time

theorynoun — a supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something based on general principles

thrivingadjective — prospering; flourishing

tolerateverb — to allow the existence or occurrence of something without interference; to endure

towardpreposition — in the direction of; approaching

tracenoun/verb — to find or discover by investigation; a mark or line left by something

tracedverb — followed or discovered the course or origin of something

traditionaladjective — existing in or as part of a tradition; long-established

transitionnoun — the process of changing from one state to another

transparentadjective — allowing light to pass through so objects can be seen clearly; open and honest (also: easy to perceive; obvious)

triggerverb — to cause an event or situation to happen

trustworthyadjective — able to be relied on as honest

Uuncertain – useless8 words

uncertainadjective — not able to be relied on; not known or definite

uncertaintynoun — the state of being unsure or doubtful; something that is not known

uniformadjective — remaining the same in all cases; consistent and unchanging

universaladjective — relating to or affecting all people or things in the world; applicable everywhere

unknownadjective — not known or familiar; not discovered or identified

uprightadjective — strictly honorable or honest

usefuladjective — able to be used for a practical purpose; helpful

uselessadjective — not fulfilling or not expected to achieve the intended purpose; pointless

Vvague – volatile11 words

vagueadjective — of uncertain, indefinite, or unclear character or meaning

vainadjective — having excessive pride in one's appearance

validateverb — to confirm or prove the truth or accuracy of something

validatedverb — confirmed or proved to be true, accurate, or justified

variablenoun/adjective — not consistent or having a fixed pattern; liable to change

variedadjective — incorporating a number of different types

vastadjective — of very great extent or quantity

versatileadjective — able to adapt to many different functions

vitaladjective — absolutely necessary or important

vividadjective — producing powerful feelings or strong, clear images in the mind; intensely bright (also: producing powerful feelings or clear images)

volatileadjective — liable to change rapidly and unpredictably

Wwarned – worried6 words

warnedverb — informed someone in advance of a possible danger or problem

wastenoun/verb — to use or expend carelessly or to no purpose; unwanted material

watchedverb — looked at or observed attentively over a period of time

wealthyadjective — having a great deal of money or assets

widespreadadjective — found or distributed over a large area or among many people

worriedadjective — feeling or showing anxiety or unease about actual or potential problems

Yyield – yielding2 words

yieldverb — to produce or provide; to give way to pressure or demands

yieldingadjective — giving way under pressure

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